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Chii chaizvo chinonzi kushivirirana kwemativi, zviyero zvepakutanga, uye zviyero zvemuganhu?

 

In kuberekaKusarudzwa uye kuiswa, tinowanzo sangana nemashoko ehunyanzvi ekuti "dimensional tolerances," "basic dimensions," uye "limit dimensions." Anonzwika se "engineering" chaizvo, asi kunzwisisa pfungwa idzi kwakakosha pakuvandudza kurongeka kwemusangano uye kuwedzera.kuberekahupenyu.

 

1. Chii chinonzi chiyero chekutanga?

 

Chiyero chikuru ipfungwa yechikamu sezvakaratidzwa pamifananidzo yedhizaini; chinogonawo kunzwisiswa sechiyero pasi pe "mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera." Semuenzaniso, kana dhayamita yemukati yebheyaringi yakanyorwa se50mm, iyi 50mm ndiyo chiyero chayo chikuru.

 

Ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga yekugadzira;

 

Zvisinei, mukugadzira chaiko, zvakaoma kuwana kururama kwe100%;

 

Saka, "kushivirira" uye "miganhu" zviripo.

 

2. Chii chinonzi kushivirirana kwezvikamu?

 

Tose tinoziva kuti kugadzira michina hakugone "kunyatsojeka." Kunyangwe michina yakanyatsojeka ine chikanganiso chakati. Chinobvumirwa chekukanganisa uku ndiko kushivirira kwezvikamu.

 

Kushivirira kwezvikamu = Kukosha kwekutsauka kwepamusoro - Kukosha kwekutsauka kwakaderera. Inotsanangura huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuchinja-chinja hunogamuchirwa muzvikamu zvechikamu.

 

Semuenzaniso: Hukuru hwegomba i50mm, uye huwandu hwaro hunobvumidzwa i +0.02 / -0.01mm, ipapo kutsungirira kwaro dhigirii i0.03mm.

 

Kushivirira hakupihwe zvisina tsarukano; kunobva pamitemo yenyika (yakadai seISO, GB, nezvimwewo). Magiredhi akasiyana ekushivirira anomiririra zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekururama.

 

3. Ndezvipi zviyero zvemuganhu?

 

Zviyero zvemuganhu zvinoreva miganhu yepamusoro neyapasi yehukuru hunoverengerwa zvichibva pa "hukuru hwekutanga" uye "kushivirirana kwemativi."

 

Kuenderera mberi nemuenzaniso uri pamusoro apa:

Saizi yekutanga: 50mm

Kushivirira: +0.02/-0.01mm

Ipapo miganhu yayo ndeiyi:

Muganho wepamusoro = 50 + 0.02 = 50.02mm

Chiyero chidiki chemuganhu = 50 - 0.01 = 49.99mm

Nemamwe mashoko, chero bedzi saizi chaiyo iri pakati pe49.99mm ne50.02mm, chikamu chacho chinoonekwa (chinokodzera/chinogamuchirwa).

 

Sei zviyero izvi zvichikosha pamabheyaringi?

 

Mabheringi, sezvinhu zvakanyatsonaka, ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakukura kwekuisa. Kuchinja-chinja kwehukuru hwekuisa kunogona kukonzera matambudziko anotevera: Kubvisa kwakawandisa: Kunokanganisa kunyatsoshanda uye kunokonzera kudedera; Kunyatsokwana: Kunowedzera kukweshana, zvichikonzera kupisa zvakanyanya kana kutobata; Kukurumidza kupfeka: Kunoderedza hupenyu hwebheringi; Kuisa kwakaoma: Kunokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwekubatanidza uye mutengo.

 

Kuziva ruzivo urwu hakungokubatsiri chete kusarudza mabheya akakodzera asiwo kudzivirira matambudziko akajairika ekubatanidza, zvichiita kuti muchina ushande zvakanaka uye zvakavimbika!